tomorrow we have a test i guess

Today in class we took a lot of notes, and now we have a test tomorrow. Just wonderful. The following information is the notes that we took during class. Here is what I got:

Caesar Reforms: 
-Granted citizenship to people in provinces
-expanded the senate and added his friends
-created jobs for the poor, especially the republic work projects
-increase pay for soldiers 
-started colonies were those without land could own property 

Assassination: 
-Why? The senators saw Caesars rise in power as a huge threat to their political viability.
-How? They lured him into the senate hall stabbed him 23 times, and they were all involved in it.
-Who? Senators and Brutus, who was Caesars ally.
-The senators were not punished
-Octavian was named Julius Caesars sole heir.
-This was THE END OF THE REPUBLIC

Octavians Reign:
-Julius Caesars grand nephew and adopted son: Octavian takes over at the age of 18
-Makes the second triumvirate
-Mark Antony is an experienced general
-Lepidus is a powerful politician
-Octavian forces Lepidus to retire
-Octavian and Mark Antony become rivals
-Mark Antony partners up with Cleopatra of Egypt (politicly, military, personally, and economically)
-Octavian defeated him at the battle of Actium


Octavian now on his own:
-He is now the unchallenged leader of Rome 
-Given the name “Caesar Augustus” means exalted one
-Given title of “imperator” meaning supreme military commander (this is where we get emperor from)
-Roman is now an empire the republic was forever gone


Octavian is not Tarquin:
-Forty years of ruling
-he began a stable era of peace and prosperity called the “Pax Romana” (meaning roman peace)


More of Caesars Augustus accomplishments:
-expanded the Roman Empire further into Africa
-Set up civil services to run the government and empire:
~built a network of roads
~collected taxes
~established a postal service 
~administered the grain supply 
~built good public facilities such as the aqueducts 
~set up police department 
~built a fireman department 
  
Died from natural causes

Age of Emperors:

Tiberus:
-Ruled from AD 14-AD 37
-An excellent general, but didn’t want power
-After the death of his son—> exiled himself from Rome and left his staff in charge
-died at age 77

Caligula:
-Ruled from AD 37 to AD 41 (4 years)
-won a power struggle after Tiberus’ death
-known for his cruelty, extravagance, and perversity and was an insane tyrant
-assassinated by a group of practorian guards, senators, and the imperial court, trying to re-establish the republic 
-ultimately unsuccessful 

Ciaudius:
-ruled from AD 41 to AD 54
-suffered from many infirmities: a limp stammering, shaking, slobbering—> possibly due to cereal palsy
-he took over because he was the last adult male in the family 
-ruled well and built roads, aqueducts, Candis and started the conquest of Britain 

Nero:
-ruled from 54 to 68 AD
-emphasized the arts
-huge fire in 64 and didn’t do anything in the moment
-he wanted to rebuild Rome to be more majestic 
-he hugely overspent, and raided temples for money



BTW me and Ellie both worked on this on our bus ride down to our lacrosse game today, i am just saying it was a group effort between me and her!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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